In preparation for this journey, I've been watching the Silk Road NHK production, and reading a history of China. Then I wanted to look more closely at the land, and I got a shock.
When people started using the Silk Road, there were no maps. You'd go by word of mouth, or perhaps a hand-drawn set of directions. When I got interested in the subject, around 2005, maps were common but those of central Asia were available only through National Geographic or specialty map stores.
In one of the Silk Road NHK episodes, they mention a city that was built in western China, taken over by Chinggis Khan, and then displaced a hundred years later by resurgent Chinese. The city was lost until French and Russian archaeologists went nosing around in the early 20th century and found... Khara-khoto, the Dark City. The NHK-China production team went in on camels in the early 1980s, guided by a local resident.
I just went there by way of Wikimapia. Enter the coordinates 41°45'50"N 101°8'36"E in the search field and you too can see this ancient city's ruin. I'm just astounded. The place leaps out of the book, out of myth, and is right there for anyone to look at in photographs taken from orbiting spacecraft... which Chinese scientists and engineers launch now from a site not far to the southwest..
Khara-khoto was said to be on the Silk Road, but to me it looks more as if it were an optional stop well to the north of the main track. Local topography might trump the map's crow-flight route. Marco Polo was said to have stopped there on his way through.
Edit: I got to thinking about this last night. While Khara-khoto doesn't look to be on the route to Chang'an, anyone in the 13th century who wanted to meet the Mongols would have gone to their capital (what Coleridge translated as "Xanadu"), which is north of the Yellow River beyond the big northward jog the river makes. So, Marco Polo might well have gone that way.
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